Insects make up over half of all known living organisms on Earth. There are over one million described species of insects, with an estimated four to thirty million more yet to be discovered. Insects have been around for over 400 million years and have evolved to survive in a wide variety of environments. Insects come in all shapes and sizes, ranging from tiny parasitic wasps to large beetles and mantises. Despite their small size, insects play a crucial role in maintaining ecosystems and biodiversity. Insects are found on every continent on earth, including Antarctica. Insects can be found in almost every habitat, from deserts to rainforests to underwater caves. While some insects are pests that cause damage to crops and other plants, others are beneficial, such as bees that pollinate flowers and ladybugs that consume aphids. Many insects have fascinating life cycles, such as the monarch butterfly which undergoes a metamorphosis from caterpillar to chrysalis to adult butterfly. Some insects migrate long distances, such as the monarch butterfly which travels up to 3,000 miles each fall to its wintering grounds in Mexico. Insects communicate with each other using a variety of methods, including pheromones, sound, and visual cues. Some insects have complex social structures, such as ants and bees which live in colonies with specialized roles for different members. Insects have adapted to defend themselves against predators in a variety of ways, including camouflage, mimicry, and toxins. Many insects have impressive physical abilities, such as the flea which can jump over 100 times its body length. Insects have been used for food by humans in many cultures throughout history, such as roasted grasshoppers in Mexico and fried silk moth pupae in China. Insects have also been used for medicinal purposes, such as the use of honey bee venom to treat arthritis. Insects can be important indicators of environmental change, as changes in insect populations can reflect changes in habitat quality and climate. Some insects are capable of carrying diseases that can be harmful to humans and other animals, such as mosquitoes which can transmit malaria and dengue fever. Insects can also be trained for various tasks, such as bomb detection or search and rescue operations. Entomology, the study of insects, is a field with many different sub-disciplines, including taxonomy, behavior, ecology, and genetics. Insects have inspired many works of art and literature, such as Franz Kafka’s “The Metamorphosis” and Eric Carle’s “The Very Hungry Caterpillar.” Insects can also be found in popular culture, such as in movies like “A Bug’s Life” and video games like “Animal Crossing.”